The easiest way to remember the difference between 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' is to ask two simple questions: 1. How many items are you talking about (one or more than one)? 2. Where is the item located (near you or far from you)? Mastering this simple logic of number and distance is the key to using these common English words correctly every time.
If you've ever found yourself pausing mid-sentence, wondering whether to say *this* book or *that* book, you're not alone. These four words, known as demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives, are essential for pointing out specific things. But they can be tricky for English learners. This guide will provide the easiest way to remember the difference between 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' so you can use them with confidence.
What's the Core Rule for Using 'This,' 'That,' 'These,' and 'Those'?
The entire system is built on two concepts: number (singular vs. plural) and distance (near vs. far). Think of it as a simple 2x2 grid. Every time you need to choose one of these words, you just need to find the right box in the grid.
Here’s how it breaks down:
- THIS: Used for a single item that is near you.
- THAT: Used for a single item that is far from you.
- THESE: Used for multiple items that are near you.
- THOSE: Used for multiple items that are far from you.
Let's explore what 'near' and 'far' really mean in practice.
How Do You Know if Something Is 'Near' or 'Far'?
'Near' and 'far' aren't just about physical distance; they can also refer to things in time or concepts being discussed. However, for beginners, it’s best to start with physical space.
- Near (Here): Refers to something within your reach. If you can touch it or it's in the space immediately around you, use 'this' or 'these'.
- Far (There): Refers to something outside your immediate reach. If you have to point to it across the room or see it in the distance, use 'that' or 'those'.
When to use 'this' (Singular & Near)
Use 'this' when you are talking about one object or person close to you.
- Example: "This is my favorite coffee mug." (You are holding it or it's on your desk).
- Example: "Is this seat taken?" (Pointing to the chair next to you).
When to use 'that' (Singular & Far)
Use 'that' when you are talking about one object or person at a distance.
- Example: "Do you see that bird on the telephone wire?"
- Example: "That painting on the far wall is beautiful."
What About the Plural Forms, 'These' and 'Those'?
Once you understand 'this' vs. 'that', the plural forms are easy. The exact same rule of distance applies; you just need to check if you're talking about more than one item.
When to use 'these' (Plural & Near)
Use 'these' for two or more things that are close to you.
- Example: "These books on my shelf are for my English class." (The shelf is next to you).
- Example: "Are these your keys?" (You found them on the floor at your feet).
When to use 'those' (Plural & Far)
Use 'those' for two or more things that are at a distance.
- Example: "Those people waiting across the street are my friends."
- Example: "I want to buy those shoes I saw in the shop window yesterday."
What Is the Easiest Way to Remember the Difference Between 'This,' 'That,' 'These,' and 'Those' With a Simple Trick?
If the grammar rules feel a bit abstract, try this simple memory trick. It connects the sounds of the words to their meaning.
- The 'T' Trick: The words 'that' and 'those' both contain the letter 'T'. Think of 'T' for 'there'. If something is over *there*, at a distance, you use one of the 'T' words.
- The Proximity Trick: The words 'this' and 'these' do not have a 'T'. This signals they are for things that are here, close to you.
So, next time you're stuck, just ask yourself: is it *here* or over *there*?
Mastering these four words is a huge step in sounding more natural and precise in English. The core principles of number and distance are your foundation. By practicing with the examples above and using the memory trick, you'll find that the easiest way to remember the difference between 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' is simply to make these two quick mental checks.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' be used for time?
Yes, absolutely! The concept of 'near' and 'far' can also apply to time. 'This/these' refer to the present or near future (e.g., "This week has been busy," "I have meetings all day these days"). 'That/those' refer to the past or a more distant time (e.g., "I remember that summer," "Those were the good old days").
What's the difference between a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative adjective?
A demonstrative adjective modifies a noun that comes after it (e.g., "This book is mine"). A demonstrative pronoun takes the place of a noun (e.g., "This is mine"). The word is the same; its function in the sentence is what changes.
How do I use 'this' and 'that' when talking on the phone?
This is a special case. When you introduce yourself on the phone, you use 'this' (e.g., "Hello, this is Sarah"). When you ask who is calling, you use 'that' (e.g., "Hello, who is that?").
Is it 'this people' or 'these people'?
Because 'people' is a plural noun, you must use the plural demonstrative. The correct phrase is "these people" (if they are near you) or "those people" (if they are far from you). Never use 'this' or 'that' with a plural noun.